英語時態
一般現在時
表示經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態，以及客觀真理。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + 動詞原形/動詞第三人稱單數 |
I play football every day. |
She works in a hospital.
The earth goes around the sun.
注意：第三人稱單數要加-s/-es
一般過去時
表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + 動詞過去式 |
He visited Paris last year. |
They lived here five years ago.
規則動詞過去式加-ed，不規則動詞需要記憶
一般將來時
表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + will + 動詞原形 |
We will go to Beijing tomorrow. |
| 主語 + be going to + 動詞原形 |
She is going to study English. |
| 主語 + be + to + 動詞原形 |
The meeting is to begin at 9:00. |
現在進行時
表示現在正在進行的動作或現階段持續的動作。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + am/is/are + 動詞-ing |
They are watching TV now. |
I am learning English this term.
有些表示狀態的動詞不能用于進行時，如：know, like, believe
過去進行時
表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + was/were + 動詞-ing |
She was cooking when I arrived. |
We were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
現在完成時
表示過去發生并持續到現在的動作或狀態，或過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + have/has + 動詞過去分詞 |
I have lived here for 10 years. |
He has already finished his homework.
常與already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for等詞連用
過去完成時
表示過去某個時間之前已經完成的動作。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + had + 動詞過去分詞 |
By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 words. |
He had left when I arrived.
將來完成時
表示將來某個時間之前將完成的動作。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + will have + 動詞過去分詞 |
By next year, I will have graduated from university. |
現在完成進行時
表示從過去開始一直持續到現在并可能繼續下去的動作。
| 結構 |
例句 |
| 主語 + have/has been + 動詞-ing |
I have been studying English for 5 years. |
It has been raining since morning.
英語句型
簡單句
由一個主語和一個謂語組成的句子。
The sun rises in the east.
復合句
由一個主句和一個或多個從句組成的句子。
I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.
并列句
由兩個或多個簡單句通過并列連詞連接而成。
She is beautiful and kind.
疑問句
- 一般疑問句：Is he a student?
- 特殊疑問句：What is your name?
- 選擇疑問句：Do you like coffee or tea?
- 反意疑問句：You are a student, aren't you?
祈使句
表示命令、請求、建議等的句子。
Open the door, please.
感嘆句
表示強烈感情的句子。
- What + (a/an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (主語 + 謂語)!
- How + 形容詞/副詞 + (主語 + 謂語)!
What a beautiful day it is!
How fast he runs!
名詞
可數名詞
可以計數的名詞，有單數和復數形式。
- 規則變化：book → books, box → boxes
- 不規則變化：child → children, man → men
不可數名詞
不能直接計數的名詞，沒有復數形式。
- 物質名詞：water, air, rice
- 抽象名詞：love, happiness, knowledge
名詞所有格
- 單數名詞：Tom's book
- 復數名詞：students' classroom
動詞
及物動詞
后面必須跟賓語的動詞。
She eats an apple every day.
不及物動詞
后面不需要跟賓語的動詞。
The sun rises.
系動詞
連接主語和表語的動詞。
- be動詞：am, is, are, was, were
- 感官動詞：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
- 變化動詞：become, get, turn, grow
形容詞
基本用法
形容詞用于描述名詞或代詞的性質、狀態等特征。
- 作定語：a beautiful flower
- 作表語：The flower is beautiful
- 作補語：Make the room clean
形容詞的位置
- 一般放在名詞前面：a tall building
- 不定代詞后：something interesting
- enough修飾名詞時放在前面：enough time
常用形容詞列表
| 形容詞 |
意思 |
例句 |
| happy |
快樂的 |
She looks very happy |
| beautiful |
美麗的 |
What a beautiful girl! |
| interesting |
有趣的 |
This book is very interesting |
| difficult |
困難的 |
English is not difficult to learn |
| important |
重要的 |
It's important to study hard |
副詞
基本用法
副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子。
- 修飾動詞：He runs fast
- 修飾形容詞：She is very beautiful
- 修飾副詞：He speaks very clearly
副詞的位置
- 一般放在動詞后面：She sings well
- 頻度副詞放在be動詞后，行為動詞前：He is always late
- 地點副詞放在句末：They live here
常用副詞
| 副詞類型 |
示例 |
例句 |
| 頻度副詞 |
always, usually, often |
I usually go to school by bike |
| 方式副詞 |
quickly, slowly, carefully |
She walks slowly |
| 程度副詞 |
very, quite, too |
The book is very interesting |
介詞
時間介詞
- at + 具體時間點：at 8:00
- in + 較長時間段：in 2023, in May
- on + 具體日期：on Monday, on May 1st
- by + 截止時間：by Friday
地點介詞
- in + 大地點：in China, in the room
- on + 表面：on the table, on the wall
- at + 小地點：at the station, at school
- under/below：在...下面
- above/over：在...上面
方向介詞
- to：到...去
- from：從...來
- into：進入
- out of：從...出來
連詞
并列連詞
- and：和
- but：但是
- or：或者
- so：所以
- for：因為
從屬連詞
- that：引導賓語從句等
- if/whether：是否
- when/while/as：當...時
- because：因為
- so that：以便
- although/though：雖然
例句
I like tea and coffee.
She is tired but happy.
I don't know if he will come.
代詞
人稱代詞
| 主格 |
賓格 |
形容詞性物主代詞 |
名詞性物主代詞 |
| I |
me |
my |
mine |
| you |
you |
your |
yours |
| he/she/it |
him/her/it |
his/her/its |
his/hers/its |
| we |
us |
our |
ours |
| they |
them |
their |
theirs |
反身代詞
- myself：我自己
- yourself：你自己
- himself/herself/itself：他/她/它自己
- ourselves：我們自己
- yourselves：你們自己
- themselves：他們自己
指示代詞
- this/these：這/這些
- that/those：那/那些
冠詞
定冠詞 the
表示特指的人或物。
- 特指某人或某物：The book on the desk is mine.
- 指世界上獨一無二的事物：the sun, the moon, the earth
- 用在序數詞前：the first day, the second floor
- 用在形容詞最高級前：the tallest building
不定冠詞 a/an
表示泛指的人或物。
- a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前：a book, a pen
- an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前：an apple, an hour
- 表示類別：A dog is a pet animal.
零冠詞
- 表示類指的復數名詞：Dogs are friendly.
- 不可數名詞：Water is important.
- 三餐名稱：We have breakfast at 7:00.
- 學科名稱：I study English.
比較結構
原級比較
- as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as：She is as beautiful as her sister.
- not as/so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as：This book is not as interesting as that one.
比較級
- 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than：He is taller than me.
- 比較級規則變化：tall → taller, happy → happier
- 不規則變化：good → better, bad → worse, far → farther/further
最高級
- the + 形容詞/副詞最高級 + 范圍：She is the most beautiful girl in our class.
- 最高級規則變化：tall → tallest, happy → happiest
比較級特殊表達
- the + 比較級, the + 比較級：The more, the better.
- 比較級 + and + 比較級：It's getting colder and colder.
被動語態
基本結構
be + 動詞的過去分詞
各種時態的被動語態
| 時態 |
結構 |
例句 |
| 一般現在時 |
is/am/are + 過去分詞 |
English is spoken all over the world. |
| 一般過去時 |
was/were + 過去分詞 |
The book was written by him. |
| 一般將來時 |
will be + 過去分詞 |
The project will be finished next month. |
| 現在進行時 |
am/is/are + being + 過去分詞 |
The house is being built now. |
| 現在完成時 |
have/has + been + 過去分詞 |
The work has been completed. |
被動語態的用法
- 不知道或沒必要指出動作的執行者
- 強調動作的承受者
- 出于禮貌或措辭需要